誰が Mathilde von Courtenay と結婚しましたか？

Mathilde von Courtenay oder Mahaut de Courtenay (* wohl 1188; † 12. Oktober 1257 in der Abtei Fontevrault) war die Tochter von Peter II. von Courtenay und Agnes I. von Nevers. Sie erbte 1192 von ihrer Mutter die Grafschaften Nevers, Auxerre und Tonnerre.

Mathilde von Courtenay steht im Zentrum eines Jahrhunderts, in dem sich Nevers (1181–1280), Auxerre (1181–1290) und Tonnerre (1181–1309) ohne Unterbrechung in weiblicher Hand befanden.

Ihr Vater geriet 1198 in eine Auseinandersetzung mit Hervé IV. de Donzy aus dem Haus Semur, bei der es um den Besitz der Burg von Gien ging. Hervé gelang es dabei, seinen Gegner bei Cosne zu besiegen und gefangen zu nehmen. Durch Vermittlung des Königs Philippe Auguste kam es 1199 zu einer Verständigung. Peter von Courtenay wurde freigelassen, musste dafür aber seine Tochter Mathilde Hervé zur Frau geben. Hervé erhielt die Grafschaft Nevers zur Verwaltung, Peter selbst trug seitdem die Titel eines Grafen von Auxerre und Tonnerre. Die Ehe wurde im Oktober 1199, wohl am 20., geschlossen.

Hervé und Mathilde bekamen zwei Kinder:

• Guillaume, 1207 bezeugt, † jung
• Agnès, † 1225, Dame de Donzy, ⚭ 1221 Guy IV. de Châtillon, Graf von Saint-Pol.

Nachdem Mathildes Vater 1216 den Titel eines Kaisers von Konstantinopel erhalten hatte und im Verlauf der Kämpfe in Epirus im Jahr 1219 gestorben war, bemühte sich Hervé, der sich auf dem Kreuzzug von Damiette befand und bei der Nachricht sofort nach Europa zurückkehrte, erfolgreich darum, nun auch Peters Grafschaften unter seine Kontrolle zu bekommen. Zwei Jahre darauf wurde ihre gemeinsame Tochter Agnes mit Guy IV. de Châtillon, Graf von Saint-Pol, verheiratet.

Hervé de Donzy starb am 22. Januar 1223; angeblich wurde er vergiftet. Im Jahr 1226 schloss Mathilde eine zweite Ehe mit Guigues IV. d’Albon, Graf von Forez. Er starb am 29. Oktober 1241. Mathildes zweite Ehe blieb kinderlos.

Nach einigen Quellen wurde Mathildes Ehe am 20. Dezember 1213 geschieden, allerdings fällt auf, dass sie ihre zweite Ehe erst schloss, nachdem Hervé de Donzy gestorben war.

Mathilde war 65 Jahre lang Gräfin von Nevers, Auxerre und Tonnerre, und die Liste derjenigen, die in dieser Zeit für sie oder mit ihr die Grafschaften regierten, ist umfangreich: Ihr Vater Peter von Courtenay, ihre Ehemänner Hervé de Donzy und Guigues d’Albon, ihre Tochter Agnès und ihr Schwiegersohn Guy de Châtillon, deren Kinder Gaucher de Châtillon und Yolande, und deren Ehemann Archambault IX. de Bourbon werden mit den Grafentiteln in Verbindung gebracht.

Mathilde von Courtenay starb am 12. Oktober 1257 in der Abtei Fontevrault, wo sie auch bestattet wurde. Ihre Nachfolgerin als Gräfin von Nevers, Auxerre und Tonnerre wurde ihre Urenkelin Mathilde II., die Tochter Yolandes und Archambaults.

Hervé IV of Donzy (1173– 22 January 1222) was a French nobleman and participant in the Fifth Crusade. By marriage in 1200 to Mahaut de Courtenay (1188–1257), daughter of Peter II of Courtenay, he became Count of Nevers.

In a dispute over the château de Gien with Peter of Courtenay, Hervé came to a settlement in 1199, having defeated and captured his overlord Peter at Cosne-sur-Loire. After Peter's death in 1219, he became Count of Auxerre and Tonnerre also; with Philip II, Marquis of Namur and Robert de Courtenay contesting Auxerre. He acquired Liernais also, in 1210.

Hervé and his countess were active in developing the Nivernais, his lands around Donzy adjoining the Nivernais and Burgundy. In 1209 they founded a Carthusian abbey at Bellary. He reconstructed the château Musard, Billy-sur-Oisy, around 1212–5. The priory at Beaulieu was founded in 1214.

In 1204–05 Hervé supported the French against the English in fighting in Normandy, Poitou and Touraine, and in 1209 would take part in the Albigensian Crusade. In 1214 he took part in the Battle of Bouvines, on the side of King John of England, later with John's intervention Hervé would obtain King Philip's pardon. In 1217 he would be involved in the French invasion of England.

His death, at Saint-Aignan, has been attributed to poisoning.

Guigues IV or Guy IV (died 10 August or 29 October 1241) was the count of Forez, Auxerre and Tonnerre from 1203 and the count of Nevers from 1226. He was still a child when his father, Guigues III, died on the Fourth Crusade and he inherited Forez. His mother was Alix and his uncle, Renaud, archbishop of Lyon, acted as regent until he came of age in 1218.

Guigues's first wife was Mahaut, daughter of Guy II of Dampierre. In 1223, Guigues granted a communal charter to the town of Montbrison. On 16 April 1224, he returned the places of Saint-Rambert, Bonson, Chambles, Saint-Cyprien and Saint-Just to the monastery of Île Barbe, declaring that they were allods held freely and that he and his predecessors had unjustly possessed them. In 1224, Guigues also founded a collegiate church of thirteen canons at Montbrison, dedicating it to the Virgin Mary. The foundation of Notre-Dame-d'Espérance was confirmed by Archbishop Renaud in October 1224. The charter of foundation mandated that the canons be in residence for at least six months of the year.

In 1226, Guigues married Matilda, daughter of Peter II of Courtenay, countess of Nevers and widow of Hervé IV of Donzy. With the death of her son-in-law, Guy of Châtillon, at the siege of Avignon that same year, Guigues became count of Nevers.

In 1235, Guigues joined the Barons' Crusade. He came from an illustrious crusading family. His father had gone on the Fourth Crusade and his ancestor Count William III had joined the First Crusade. Likewise, his wife's family had crusaders in every generation going back to the Crusade of 1101. Guigues IV's primary motivation for crusading was to remove the sentence of excommunication that had been placed him for the alleged spoliation of monasteries and sheltering heretics. Likewise, by taking the crusader vow Guigues received relief from interest payments on his large debts and extensions on repayment of principal.

When the Barons' Crusade finally set out in 1239, Guigues left his counties under the government of Matilda in his absence. He and his retinue—at least a chaplain, William of Vichy; two squires; and a physician—were part of the army of King Theobald I of Navarre. Theobald's county of Bar-sur-Seine bordered Guigues's county of Nevers and in the 1220s the two had a brief boundary dispute. Theobald left the Holy Land to return home in September 1240, Guigues and Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy stayed behind to construct a fortress at Ascalon. The poet Eustache le Peintre de Reims wrote a short song in Old French, Amours, coment porroie chancon faire, about Guigues's participation in the Crusade.

While in the Holy Land, Guigues received a relic of the True Cross from the Master of the Temple, Armand de Périgord. He died at Castellaneta in Italy while returning from his crusade. His body was brought back to Forez and lies in the church he had founded at Montbrison.

In his will, Guigues names his two children: his successor, Guigues V, and his younger son, Renaud. He expressed the wish that Renaud would enter the church. He left the relic of the cross to his eldest son. He named as his executors Jean de Bernin, the archbishop of Vienne; Beatrice, the countess of Albon; the abbot of Bénissons-Dieu; and the dean of Montbrison.